Importance of Client/Server Technology

Introduction

Used in almost all automated library systems, client/server technology is the computer architecture. Client/Server technology is computer architecture for separating the applications functions into two or more distinct parts. Client/Server technology divides functions into client (requestor) and server (provider) subsystems, with standard communication methods (such as TCP/IP and z39.50). To facilitate the sharing of information between them, it divides the functions. On the desktop computer the client presents and manipulates data. To store and retrieve protected data the server acts like a mainframe. The machines can perform their duties to their best.  Characteristics The main characteristics of Client Server Technology is as under-  By the differences in their performing tasks the client and server can be differentiated from one another.   The client and server generally function on different computer platforms.  One or more servers may be connected by the clients.   Multiple clients may be connected by the servers at the same time.  Without affecting each other the client or server may be upgraded.  By requesting a service the clients always initiate the dialogue. In a client/server environment a client PC almost does the following:   screen handling  menu or command interpretation  data entry  help processing  error recovery A server can be anywhere along the dividing line and with a broad range between the clients. Only the user interface has been moved onto the client at one end; at the other end the database may be distributed.

Along the range there are at least five points: 1.Distributed presentation: The server and the client partly handle the presentation  2. Remote presentation: The client handles or controls the entire presentation 3. Distributed logic: The server and the client partly handle the application logic 4. Remote data management: The server handles or controls the entire Database management 5. Distributed database: The server and the client partly handle the Database management

In a library environment there are two major applications for client/server: 1) For an automated library system as the architecture- To facilitate use of this system a vendor designs a system using client/server technology to access multiple servers to improve productivity and to bring together multiple product lines. 2) To linking heterogeneous systems as an approach- To facilitate transparent access a vendor designs a client to systems of other vendors and from others a server to facilitate transparent access to its system.

Benefits The benefits of client/server computing are as under 1) In spite of changing the legacy application it is much easier to implement client/server 2) Move to rapid application development and new technology like object oriented technology  3) For development and support it is a long term cost benefits 4) To support new systems it is easy to add new hardware like document imaging and video teleconferencing  5) For each application it can implement multiple vendor software tools  Client/Server technology is proved much cost efficient and feasible in a mainframe environment.  Concerns  The companies implement client/server technology on the following concerns-  Between the client and server where there are many levels of complexity and compatibility issues  Since you will need to maintain the old system (mainframe) and the new client server architecture development cost will rise in the short term  There are many layers of complexity and compatibility issues between the client and server.   Cost will rise in the short term since you will need to maintain the old system (mainframe) and the new client server architecture development.   Softwares competency such as tools of security and management are not as mature as mainframe counterparts.  With these tools takes time to become proficient.   At giving up control of a centralized computing environment Information System departments may draw back.

 

Proxy Servers explained

On the web network, there are a lot of websites which offer features like file-sharing, instant messaging or leaving comments for the user’s profile. A lot of schools and universities have blocked such websites to be accessed from their locations to restrict people from logging in to these websites. But the use of proxy servers has a technological advance over these restrictions. The Proxy servers let you access websites from restricted locations and are a source to bypass secure sites from blocked locations, as they have the ability to bypass the network firewalls and filters. These proxy servers enable the users to surf the internet from blocked servers and are compatible to surf through sites which have audio and video streaming platforms like Youtube.

A proxy server is a computer program or application which processes a client request and forwards it to other servers. When you connect to a proxy server, and try to access some information available on another server, it forwards the request on your behalf and acts as the host server. In short, it becomes your face and represents you for access to the website or information. There are lots of types of proxy servers available based on your need, such as;

• Web proxy • Caching proxy server/ Http proxy • Anonymous proxies • Intercepting proxies • Hostile proxy servers • Reverse proxy servers • Forced proxy servers.

Usage of these proxy servers requires a simple process to be followed. You have to sign up to be able to use these proxies. Most of these proxy websites offer services without a cost. But, some of them may ask for a small fee to for the proxy services. After signup, the user can type the desired URL (for example: http://www.myspace.com) on the main page and all connections and traffic to and from the destination URL is redirected via the proxy, making it look as if the traffic is evolving from the main proxy , thus bypassing the domain based URL filtering blocking system. These proxies allow users to browse through the restricted websites and view profiles, post comments, blogs and surf the sites for music.

These proxies are reliable and secure. You have to agree to accept the strict set of terms and conditions like not to access websites that contain illegal content such as ware sites, use for spamming purposes, or distributing Spy ware or any other malicious script and you can surf the internet at school, universities, work and other places without any restriction, using the simple scripts which allow you to access the blocked websites

 

How VoIP benefits Modern Business

VoIP Benefits to Business

VoIP is really a wonderful technology to all the corners of the world. VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) has been a trendsetter for all the people doing business all over the world. VoIP is mainly used for communication purposes; It’s a great alternative to traditional telephones. It plays an important role in saving lot of money in long distance calls to business and common people.

Most of the Business Migrate to VoIP Telephony system.

If you take Big, small or medium companies among the essential things for a business to run, communication is very essential. For ex If you take a business whether it is small, medium or large making communication with clients, employees are vital, some companies have branches all over the world and some companies may have clients all over the world to help them the most Invention of VoIP has become a boon to business people where the cost of making an long distance call is very low compared to traditional phone charges.

Guidelines for Switching to VoIP Telephony system.

I’m now going to explain you about the guidelines you need to check before switching to a complete VoIP telephony system.

 

3 good ideas to trim down your phone expenditures

These days consumers are clearly feeling the pinch of increasing prices. From the gas station to the grocery market, costs are leaping higher. Yet the telephone bill is an area where savvy folks can still save. For most people, phone expenses are a not insubstantial line-item in the family budget. Notwithstanding the fact that telecom costs have fallen considerably in recent years, this remains a cost that can be reduced through prudent planning. The following three strategies will help you accomplish this goal.

Tip 1: Change to a shared-use plan for your cell phone bill

According to data published by the Kiplinger Letter, the typical cell phone bill in the United States runs approximately $55 per month. You might ask how the average could be $55 with so many ads for cellular companies promoting $29 or $35 plans. This is partly because a few power users spend $79, $89 or more monthly. Part of the reason is taxes and miscellaneous charges such as directory assistance. But a major reason is the fact that cell phone companies hit you on “overage”. Let’s say you have 1,000 peak minutes in your plan and this month you reach 1,099. At twenty five or forty cents per minute in overage, your cell bill suddenly rockets up twenty dollars. Seem familiar? The next month you get to 900 minutes but there is no corresponding drop in your bill. Some companies say they solve this problem for you by allowing you to rollover minutes. And the rollover does increase your peak minutes quota for the next month. Yet even then, you still get hit with overage if you exceed the increased peak minutes quota.

Shared use plans are the best solution for this problem. Also known as “family-plans”, these plans allow you to aggregate all of the minutes of two or more users into a collective bucket. Since variability is usually a function of individual usage patterns, these variability quotients tend to cancel out. Think of it this way: if you and your spouse both have individual plans for 1,000 minutes and in one month you get to 1,100 minutes and your spouse hits 900 minutes, you’re in for overage surcharges to the tune of 100 minutes. If you have a shared-use plan, your total comes in at 2,000 minutes and there would be no overage!

Tip 2: Do not use your regular long distance landline provider to dial international calls

Most long distance phone companies offer excellent rates for domestic long distance. If you are a reasonably frequent user on a good plan you are most likely paying less than 5 cents on a per minute basis. The difficulty is that international rates are still relatively high. For instance, fifty cents a minute to India is typical, even if you pay the four or five dollars a month many companies charge for the privilege of getting lower rates.

In recent years, there has been an explosion of superior options. Sometimes known as “PINLESS” dialing plans, these offerings allow you to call most anywhere in the world at rates 40% to 70% less from your landline or cell phone without needing to remember a pin code. If you type the phrase “cheap international calling” into a search engine you’ll see a plethora of options. The basic way they work is that you register one or more phone numbers with the service and input a credit card number. They give you a toll-free number and when you call this number from a registered phone, you can call any country without needing a PIN code. Using the above example, one could cut the charge from 50 cents to 15 cents per minute.

Tip 3: Use a free conference calling service

For many families, phone charges escalate because of the need to have multiple conversations between family members on the same topics. It is not efficient but this is the way most people have learned to cope. In the last few years, there have been dozens of companies that have launched free teleconferencing services. All of them work on the same basic idea: they give you a PIN and a toll number to call. If all participants call the same number and enter the same Pin code, they are put into a group call. Apart from normal toll charges, there are no charges assessed by the companies. If you have a large extended family, one 30 minute call could most certainly substitute for 5 to 10 one-to-one discussions for planning a trip or family event.

Unfortunately, it is often somewhat of a chore to actually arrange these calls in the first place; consumers often are reluctant to familiarize themselves with the mechanics of setting up a conference call. Rondee is an example of a free conference calling service which is trying to address this challenge. It offers users a way to schedule the conference on the web, have the invitations emailed and show all the responses tracked on the website. As with many corporate grade conference call companies, Rondee allows calls to be recorded.

With consumer prices escalating, there’s not a lot most people can do to fight back. But telephone expense is an area where being smart can mean substantial savings. Applying these three ideas will save the typical consumer 30% to 50% monthly, or several hundred dollars yearly.

 

Structured Cabling Installations

Structured Cabling Installations Cabling Santa Monica

Benefits of Structured Cabling

From an investment point of view structured cabling provides an exceptional ROI. A structured cabling system will outlive all other networking components and will require only minimal upgrades. According to International Engineering Consortium:

# Construction costs for the cabling of the voice, data, and BMS can be reduced by up to 30 percent when integrating the cabling and delivery methods.

# Moves, changes, rearrangements, and upgrades can be performed more cost-effectively, with a potential savings of 25 to 40 percent for material and labor when using an open-office cabling approach.

About Structured Cabling Systems

Structured Cabling Systems are at the base of modern information network. Designed to accommodate quickly and cost effectively frequent moves adds and changes a structured cabling system can alleviate workflow disruptions and network downtime associated with enterprise restructuring.

According to International Engineering Consortium providing an internationally standardized structured cabling system and consolidating cable-delivery methods for all the systems can reduce initial construction costs for the cabling infrastructure of a modern intelligent building by up to 30 percent.

Typical costs for building operation and alterations over a 40-year life cycle far exceed the initial construction costs. Proper systems-integration planning to optimize the construction process can reduce these ongoing life cycle costs.

Building an IT infrastructure that is “future ready” is more important than ever. In today’s competitive business world enterprises must be able to respond fast to changes that occur in the market place. For some firms this means modernizing their data center to meet strict new regulatory requirements while for other enterprises, being future-ready is all about shortening the development and deployment cycle on new services that are essential to retaining existing customers and acquiring new ones.

Structured Cabling Solutions

A structured cabling system provides a platform upon which an overall information system strategy is built. With a flexible cabling infrastructure, a structured cabling system can support multiple voice, data, video and multimedia systems regardless of their manufacturer.

# Copper Infrastructure Solutions: Independently verified screened and unscreened data-communication structured cabling solutions, providing ultimate performance and reliability for today’s and tomorrows copper infrastructure requirements. Our Cat 5 (Cat 5e) or Cat 6 solutions will exceed TIA Cat 5e standards.

# Fiber Optic Solutions: Conventional and blown fibre cabling solutions that compliment the deployment of optical solutions deeper into the network delivering a future-proof infrastructure.

# Specialty Cabling Solutions: Copper and fibre solutions for diverse and environmentally demanding applications such as Mass Transit, Marine, Automotive and Aerospace, that typically require adherence to strict performance criteria.

# Low-voltage cabling: Solutions that include music and paging systems, CCTV.

Additional advantages in using structured cabling:

# Consistency: Same cables exist everywhere in the building

# Support of multi-vendor equipment: You can mix and match vendors

# Simplifies moves adds and changes: As your company grows and/or moves locations with structured cabling your network resources are always ready to go.

# Simplifies troubleshooting: With a wired structuring systems problems are easier to isolate and fix.

# Support of future applications: A Cat 5 or even Cat 6 compliant system will support future applications with little (if any) system upgrades.

 

7 Rules to build Killer iPhone Apps

Bet you never thought the iPhone would grow so alarmingly popular. But it has, and we cannot simply ignore it or the millions of applications that float in the Apple App Store.

From funny to unique, unique to unusual and bizarre, diverse kinds of applications rule the App Store. Hundreds of more such are launched everyday. With the App Store growing bigger and bigger everyday, the lifetime of an ordinary app denigrates to less than a week. Making a breakthrough iPhone app is indeed a challenge all iPhone application developers face.

To launch a top-selling iPhone app is no easy job and requires a lot of racking your brain. Though there is no exact science to build a killer iPhone app, you can launch a near-perfect top seller if you follow these 7 rules of the thumb:

1. Innovate. Try something novel. Does your iPhone app have the “wow” factor? Is it innovative, out of the ordinary? Is it the only one in its kind? If yes, your app will definitely get due recognition in the App Store.

2. Make it usable: Your apps can be extraordinarily creative and startlingly new. But users are going to keep it idle if it is not usable. Build an app which has utility value. Fancy apps are good, but they don’t get you anywhere. A usability specialist says that one should follow Apple’s sterling virtue of “intuitive and consistent usability” while building apps for the iPhone.

3. Keep it Simple: Keeping it simple is a golden rule in mobile application development. No one wants an app that confuses or complicates things for them. The more difficult you make your app for usage, the less recognition it is going to receive from users.

4. Pricing: Anything sells if given for free in the Internet world. This does not mean you need to give your killer app for free. You can price it anywhere between $0.99 to $20. But, act prudently. Your app will get more exposure when given for free than when launched with a price tag. Maybe you can try different strategies. You can give your beta version for free and put a price on newer versions.

5. Provide Support: Be responsive to how your app performs in the store. If users are having difficulty in handling some feature, try to change it or post guides on how to handle your app.

6. Upgrades: Anything left idle grows stale. Never leave your app in beta. Keep upgrading new features. Listen to your users and add as many new features as possible. People who failed notice your app during its launch may notice its upgraded version and start using it.

7.Marketing is must: Yes, without doubt, this is important in killer-app making. You cannot create a killer app if you fail to market it. The more your app is marketed, the more it gets noticed by users. Instead of aggressive marketing, engage in useful, result-oriented marketing. You’ll definitely hit the road to success.

 

How do People Live Without Cell Phones

How do People Live Without Cell Phones?

According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), nearly 85 percent of adult Americans own cell phones. Considering that cell phones really only became available for widespread public use about 20 years ago, that figure is quite astonishing. The FCC states that cell phone usage caught on faster than both cable television usage and personal computers (although some believe that the usage of broadband internet service may have caught on just a bit faster). There are so many cell phones in existence that a whole new industry has been created to accommodate those that are disposed of. Companies including big carriers like Verizon and smaller private firms like Dotcells.com refurbish and sell used cell phones.   Still, there is a significant percentage of American adults who function without cell phones. While the very idea may seem foreign to many people, it is quite possible to live without a cell phone. It can, though, be somewhat inconvenient:

* People who do not own cell phones must typically rely on pay phones when they are away from home or work; however, because of the overabundance of cell phones these days, many public pay phones have been removed. It can be difficult to find a pay phone at times-and, not only that, but the cost of using a pay phone has greatly increased.

* In the case of some emergencies, people who do not own cell phones may find it difficult to get assistance. For example, if a person’s car breaks down far from home in a rural area, getting help without a cell phone could prove to be rather challenging. (This is why some people at least carry 911 cell phones, which are typically used cell phones-such as used Sprint cell phones or used AT&T cell phones–that have been refurbished so as to be able to only dial out for emergency reasons.)

* People who do not own cell phones may, at times, experience difficulty in communication with friends and family members. Because it is likely that friends and family members do own cell phones, being the ‘odd duck’ who does not own one may cause a person to be left out at times.

Most of the people who do not own cell phones fit into certain demographics. They may be elderly people who are unwilling to learn about new types of technology or who are simply unable to manipulate the increasingly small size of cell phones. Or, they may be less educated people who are unable to master the technology of cell phone usage. Lastly, they may be people who are unable to afford cell phones and/or cell phone contracts.

For those who are unable to afford cell phones, used cell phones may be an answer. Purchasing used Sprint cell phones, used AT&T cell phones, used Verizon cell phones, or even used Blackberry cell phones can be quite inexpensive. DotCells.com sells refurbished phones individually or in bulk with some working phones priced under $15.00. Or, cheap Verizon cell phones can be found as well.

There is also a small percentage of people who simply do not want cell phones. These people tend to resent how cell phones seem to control some people’s lives and how cell phones seem to be all-important to many people. These non-owners enjoy the fact that they cannot be contacted at any time and at any place-in fact, they relish the idea of being out of contact at times. For these people, becoming dependent upon a cell phone would be very scary, indeed.

 

Samsung Galaxy S – Whole Galaxy in Your Palm

The Android war is heating up. Every phone company is vying for a share in the pie called Android powered smartphones. If HTC was initial leader, now it is the turn of Samsung to challenge them with their Android based touchphones.

The Samsung Galaxy S is Samsung’s fitting reply to the HTC Desire. The Desire has been a success and anyone who wants to dethrone it, has to be something really very good. Can Galaxy mount any challenge to the Desire? Let’s see…

Looks: The Galaxy S is couple of mm wider than HTC Desire and several mm thinner. It is quite light too! It has 2 touch sensitive buttons and 1 physical button below the screen. The screen is humongous. It is 4 inches across which just blows away HTC Desire in this battle of screens. It’s 30% bigger than the iPhone 4 display. The screen is Super AMOLED which means that the screen itself is touch sensitive rather than having a touch sensitive film at the top. This results in a brighter display. A common with phone displays is that under sunlight, visibility is seriously compromised. But, not in Samsung Galaxy S’s case. Super AMOLED means 80% less reflected light.  On direct comparison with HTC Desire the difference is stark. It’s capacitive touchscreen makes touch operations breeze.

Galaxy S runs Android 2.1, so you have access to Android Marketplace which has thousands of apps and best part is that they are free! Pre-installed apps include the Layar Reality Browser, a document editor, the Aldiko ebook reader and the new Social Hub which has been designed from the scratch to integrate all major email providers, IM and social networking services such as Yahoo, MSN, Twitter, Facebook and MySpace. Android is a powerful and intuitive operating system, and Samsung’s implementation works seamlessly. Samsung’s TouchWiz 3.0 interface which sits on the top of Android, is quite similar to HTC Sense interface and can be customized.

Samsung has packed Galaxy S with super-fast 1GHz and has a dedicated GPU. The end result? Super fast user interface and flicker free HD video playback. The phone has a built-in memory of either 8GB or 16GB and can also accept memory cards up to 32GB, so music and movie fans have a lot of storage.

The Galaxy S comes equipped with a 5 megapixel camera with touch autofocus and can also record HD video at 720p resolution. Sadly though, it has no flash.

The music player fantastic. It has a 3.5mm audio jack. Video playback on the Super AMOLED screen is also unbelievable and the Galaxy S has multi-codec support including DivX support.

All connectivity options are on board. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 3.0, USB 2.0, a 3.5mm audio jack, DLNA support and TV-Out. The 3G connection on the galaxy S supports download speeds of up to 7.2 Mbps and uploads of 5.76 Mbps using HSPA.

The phone has a built-in AGPS with Google Maps pre-installed and providing three different views – real street view, traffic view and satellite view.

It has large battery capacity of 1500 mAh plus the Super AMOLED screen is more energy efficient than a conventional display.

The Galaxy S Samsung’s best phone till date and outperforms HTC Desire in every section. Almost perfect!

 

What You Need To Know About 800 Telephone Numbers?

800 telephone numbers are toll-free numbers. This means that if the telephone number starts with 800, 888, 877 or 866, you can call such number without being charged for the call. The charge is being shouldered by the party or individual who owns that number. Toll-free numbers can be dialed directly from your personal telephone line, mobile phone or office phone.

Most business establishments use toll-free numbers so that their clients and prospects can reach them without being troubled by additional expenses. This number is particularly common in customer service and telemarketing. Telephone companies provide a way for businesses and customers to have an effective communication.

Besides businesses, even private parties can benefit from toll-free numbers. Parents can subscribe to a toll-free number so their children can still contact them when they are away studying or when they are out of town for whatever reason. With 800 telephone numbers, students can always call home free.

Although the toll free numbers are free codes, they are not interchangeable. This means that a number assigned with a code of 800 cannot be interchanged with 888, 877 or 866 as each number is routed to a specific local telephone number. For example, 1-800-987-6543 is different from 1-888-987-6543.

If you wish to know the toll-free number of a party or business establishment, you can call the toll-free directory assistance in your local area. However, just like all telephone numbers from different networks, the subscriber or owner of the toll-free number reserves the right not to have his number listed on the directory. Hence, you cannot expect that the toll-free you wish to obtain is always available, particularly if it belongs to a private party or person.

If you wish to obtain a toll-free number, you have to reserve for it with entities that are toll-free service providers. They may not necessarily be telephone network companies, as long as they have access to the SMS/800 database. If the number you wish to be your toll-free is not available, you will be assigned with another.

The SMS/800 database contains information about the status of all toll-free numbers registered in your country. The toll-free service providers must be a member of a Responsible Organization or RespOrgs. The SMS/800 database administrator certifies the RespOrgs, and manages the toll-free service. So, if you wish to have your own toll-free number, you only have to contact any RespOrg.

Generally, the RespOrgs are the ones that assign the toll free numbers. But you can always customize the number if you want. The price for customized number is always higher than the ones randomly selected by the RespOrgs.

In customizing an 800 telephone numbers, the most common rule is to spell out your name or your company’s name after the toll-free code. This method of customization is called Vanity. A Vanity number spells out your name or your company’s or any name for that matter. A few examples are 1-800-NEW-HOUSE or 1-877-E-MARKETING. You can also get the Vanity number from any RespOrg.

 

Unlock iPhone 4 Tips

If you have purchased iphone before, you will know that you need to use the telephone plan that is included in the contract. Depending on the location you live in, you are obliged to use the telephone plan selected by Apple company. For instance, if you are living in America, you have to use the AT & T telephone plan. AT & T telephone plan is expensive. If you frequently connect to the internet or make phone calls, your telephone bill will be expensive. You can easily run out of funds if you frequently use your iphone. To prevent this from happening, your only option is to buy the iphone unlocking solution. The iphone unlocking solution contains instructions on how to unlock the iphone.

If you don’t want to buy the iphone unlocking solution, you can unlock it yourself. Many people manage to unlock the iphone themselves. You must possess the skills and knowledge to unlock the iphone. If you are not familiar with unlocking iphone, it is recommended that you don’t attempt to unlock the iphone yourself. If you attempt to unlock the iphone yourself, you will damage its system forever. Even if you make one mistake, the system can become damaged permanently. You can buy the iphone unlocking solution on the internet. The cost of the iphone unlocking solution is cheap and costs under $50.

Depending on the seller, you may have to pay a monthly fee or onetime fee. Monthly subscription is more expensive than subscription that requires onetime fee. You can pay for the iphone unlocking solution with your credit card and paypal. You must buy from a seller that provides money back guarantee. In case the iphone unlocking solution did not work, you can file a complaint and get the refund.

Members can gain access to the games and apps download area. You can download any type of app from the members download area. You can download the app to your iphone and use it instantly. The members download area is constantly updated. New apps and games are added to the members’ area every month. If there is any app you cannot find, you can inform the customer service center and they will make it available in the download area.

The iphone unlocking solution can works with all network providers. After you have paid for the membership, you can download the iphone unlocking solution. After downloading the iphone unlocking solution, you can follow the instructions to unlock the iphone. You will be asked to select the model and platform of your iphone before you are allowed to download the solution. You must select the right model and platform otherwise your iphone won’t be unlocked. Selecting the wrong model and platform can cause damage to your iphone.

Customers are advised to do research and compare the prices of different iphone unlocking solutions. You should buy from seller that offers high quality and affordable iphone unlocking software. If it costs more expensive than your budget, you can use the search engine to search for cheaper iphone unlocking solution.